Fluorine

9

F

18.9984032

  • Name: Fluorine
  • Symbol: F
  • Atomic number: 9
  • Atomic weight: 18.9984032
  • CAS Registry ID: 7782-41-4
  • Group name: Halogen
  • Period number: 2
  • Block: p-block
  • Switch:
  • Compare Element

Description

The element fluorine is a halogen, and in its normal state fluorine is a yellow-brown gas with a foul odor. Fluorine has an atomic weight of 18.9984032, a melting point of -363.32 °F, and a boiling point of -306.62 °F. Fluorine, as the most reactive of the elements, will react with almost all inorganic and organic matter. Some current uses of fluorine include: as a hydrocarbon for use in refrigerators and air conditioners, as a tooth decay preventative in very small amounts in water and toothpaste, and in the production of high temperature plastics.

enlarge image


Isolation

The high reactivity of fluorine has limited the type of procedures that are available to use in fluorine isolation. Fluorine is hardly ever isolated in a laboratory because of safety reasons.

enlarge image

A process named Moissan’s process is used to isolate fluorine for industrial purposes. During this process, a solution of potassium hydrogen fluoride is electrolyzed in liquid hydrogen fluoride. The liquid hydrogen fluoride is a necessary component of the reaction because it does not conduct electricity. During the electrolysis process, the fluoride is isolated from other elements by passing an electric current through the compounds. Moissan’s process uses electrodes made from platinum and iridium that are placed in a platinum holder and cooled to -122 °F. As the electric current passes through, the negative electrode isolate outs the hydrogen as the positive electrode isolates the fluorine. One another method can separate fluorine through a heated chemical reaction between K2MnF6 and 2SbF5 instead of using electrolysis; this isolation process is not used though because it is inefficient. Pure fluorine and fluoride ions are extremely dangerous as this element is very reactive and toxic.


General
Name Fluorine
Symbol F
Number 9
Chemical series halogens
Group 17
Period 2
Block p
Appearance Yellowish brown gas
Standard atomic weight 18.9984032(5) g·mol−1
Electron configuration 1s2 2s2 2p5
Electrons per shell 2, 7
Atomic properties
Crystal structure cubic
Oxidation states −1 (strongly acidic oxide)
Electronegativity 3.98 (Pauling scale)
Ionization energies 1st: 1681.0 kJ·mol−1
(more) 2nd: 3374.2 kJ·mol−1
(more) 3rd: 6050.4 kJ·mol−1
Atomic radius 50 pm
Atomic radius (calc.) 42 pm
Covalent radius 71 pm
Van der Waals radius 147 pm
Physical properties
Phase gas
Density (near r.t.) (0 °C, 101.325 kPa) 1.7 g/L
Liquid density at m.p.
Melting point 53.53 K (-219.62 °C, -363.32 °F)
Boiling point 85.03 K (-188.12 °C, -306.62 °F)
Critical point 144.13 K, 5.172 MPa
Heat of fusion (F2) 0.510 kJ·mol−1
Heat of vaporization (F2) 6.62 kJ·mol−1
Heat capacity (25 °C) (F2) 31.304 J·mol−1·K−1
Miscellaneous
Magnetic ordering nonmagnetic
Electrical resistivity
Thermal conductivity (300 K) 27.7 m W·m−1·K−1
Thermal expansion
Speed of sound (thin rod)
Young's modulus
Shear modulus
Bulk modulus
Poisson ratio
Mohs hardness
Vickers hardness
Brinell hardness
CAS registry number 7782-41-4

Print this page Bookmark this page

Hide/View all projects Hide all projects Hide/View all projects

All Projects List

  • Accelerate Rusting
  • Ant Microphotography
  • Apple Mummy
  • Balloon Rocket Car
  • Barney Banana
  • Bending Water
  • Bernoulli’s Principle
  • Blind Spot in Vision
  • Boiling Point of Water
  • Caffeine And Typing
  • Candy Molecules
  • Capillarity of Soils
  • Checking vs. Savings
  • Cleaning Oil Spills
  • Cloud Cover
  • CO2 & Photosynthesis
  • Collecting DNA
  • Colorful Celery
  • Colors And Temperature
  • Composition of a Shell
  • Computer Passwords
  • Corrosiveness of Soda
  • Create a Heat Detector
  • Create Lightening
  • Cultivate Slime Molds
  • Desalinate Sea Water
  • Detergents and Plants
  • Dissolving in Liquids
  • Distillation of Water
  • Double Color Flower
  • Egg in a Bottle
  • Eroding Away
  • Expanding Soap
  • Extracting Starch
  • Fans And Body Temp
  • Fertilizer & Plants
  • Filtration of Water
  • Floating Ball Experiment
  • Floating Balloon
  • Fog Formation
  • Font and Memory
  • Food and Academics
  • Fruit Battery Power
  • Full and Low Fat Foods
  • Galileo's Experiment
  • Grape Juice & Cleaners
  • Gravity and Plants
  • Green Slime
  • Growing a Crystal
  • Growing Bread Mold
  • Homemade Snowflakes
  • Home-made Stethoscope
  • Homemade Volcano
  • Human Battery Power
  • Inertia of an Egg
  • Information and CD’s
  • Invisible Ink
  • Jar Compass
  • Lemon Floaties
  • Levers And Force
  • Lift an Ice Cube
  • Light Colors and Plants
  • Long Lasting Bubbles
  • Magic Balloons
  • Make a Compost Pile
  • Make Limestone
  • Make Objects Float
  • Make your own sundial
  • Matchbox Guitar
  • Math and Gender
  • Mean, Median and Range
  • Measuring Air Pollution
  • Mentos Soda Volcano
  • Milky Plastic
  • Mini Greenhouse
  • Missing Reflection
  • Molls Experiment
  • Music and Plants
  • Musical Bottles
  • Nocturnal Plants
  • Ocean Life & Oil Spills
  • Ocean Temperature
  • Optical Mice
  • Oral Bacteria
  • Organic vs. Inorganic
  • Osmosis
  • Oxygen & Photosynthesis
  • Pascal’s Law
  • Play-Doh and Volume
  • Preserve Spider Webs
  • Pressure Volcano
  • Pulse Rates
  • Pythagorean Tuning
  • Refraction in Water
  • Rollercoasters & Loops
  • Rubbery Egg
  • Rust and Moisture
  • Search Engines
  • Seed Germination
  • Separate Salt And Pepper
  • Snappy Sounds
  • Soil Erosion
  • Soil vs. Hydroponics
  • Spectrum through Water
  • Speed of Decomposition
  • Spore Prints
  • Static Electricity
  • Statistics and M&M’s
  • Stem-less Flowers
  • Super Strength Egg
  • Temperature and CPUs
  • Thirsty Rocks
  • Tornado Demonstration
  • Translucent Egg
  • Transpiration in Plants
  • Typing and Speed
  • Vibrating Coin
  • Volcanic Gas
  • Water and Living Things
  • Water Displacement
  • Water Evaporation
  • Water pH