Hydrogen

1

H

1.00794(7)

  • Name: Hydrogen
  • Symbol: H
  • Atomic number: 1
  • Atomic weight: 1.00794(7)
  • CAS Registry ID: 1333-74-0
  • Group name: (none)
  • Period number: 1
  • Block: s-block
  • Switch:
  • Compare Element

Description

Hydrogen, with an atomic weight of 1.0079, is the lightest element known. It is estimated that 90% of the weight of the universe is composed of hydrogen. In its normal physical state, hydrogen is a colorless and odorless gas. Hydrogen has a melting point of - 434.45 °F and a boiling point of - 427.17 °F. The most common uses of hydrogen include: hydrogenation of fats and oils, as a nitrogen fixative, as a liquid for cryogenic purposes, and to reduce metallic ores.

enlarge image


Isolation

Here is a brief summary of the isolation of hydrogen.

enlarge image

The isolation procedures of hydrogen depend on how much hydrogen needs to be isolated, and what equipment is available for the isolation procedures. For small isolation procedures of hydrogen gas in a laboratory, one part of calcium hydride is reacted with two parts of water; the end product is a small amount of hydrogen gas. Another isolation method that can be conducted in a laboratory uses the reaction between iron filings and dilute sulphuric acid; as with the previous formula the result is a small quantity of hydrogen gas.

Large amounts of hydrogen gas can be isolated for industrial uses through two main methods. The first method is a process in which coke is heated with steam to promote the water gas shift reactions. In the second reaction hydrocarbons, like methane, are heated with steam; the end products from both of these isolation methods are hydrogen gas and carbon monoxide. Additional hydrogen gas can be produced by passing the carbon monoxide and steam over iron oxide or cobalt oxide at a temperature of 732 °F.


General
Name Hydrogen
Symbol H
Number 1
Chemical series nonmetals
Group 1
Period 1
Block s
Appearance colorless
Standard atomic weight 1.00794(7) g·mol−1
Electron configuration 1s1
Electrons per shell 1
Atomic properties
Crystal structure hexagonal
Oxidation states 1, −1
Electronegativity 2.1 (Pauling scale)
Ionization energies
(more)
(more)
Atomic radius 25 pm
Atomic radius (calc.) 53 pm
Covalent radius 37 pm
Van der Waals radius
Physical properties
Phase gas
Density (near r.t.) (0 °C, 101.325 kPa)
Liquid density at m.p.
Melting point 14.01 K (−259.14 °C, −434.45 °F)
Boiling point 20.28 K (−252.87 °C, −423.17 °F)
Critical point
Heat of fusion (H2) 0.117 kJ·mol−1
Heat of vaporization (H2) 0.904 kJ·mol−1
Heat capacity (25 °C) (H2) 28.836 J·mol−1·K−1
Miscellaneous
Magnetic ordering
Electrical resistivity
Thermal conductivity (300 K) 180.5 m W·m−1·K−1
Thermal expansion
Speed of sound (thin rod) (gas, 27 °C) 1310 m/s
Young's modulus
Shear modulus
Bulk modulus
Poisson ratio
Mohs hardness
Vickers hardness
Brinell hardness
CAS registry number 1333-74-0

Print this page Bookmark this page

Hide/View all projects Hide all projects Hide/View all projects

All Projects List

  • Accelerate Rusting
  • Acids And Bases
  • Additive Colors
  • Ant Microphotography
  • Apple Mummy
  • Balloon Rocket Car
  • Barney Banana
  • Bending Water
  • Bernoulli’s Principle
  • Blind Spot in Vision
  • Boiling Point of Water
  • Build an Electromagnet
  • Build an Inclinometer
  • Caffeine And Typing
  • Candle Race
  • Candy Molecules
  • Capillarity of Soils
  • Carbon in the Atmosphere
  • Checking vs. Savings
  • Chemical Metamorphosis
  • Clean Cleaners
  • Cleaning Oil Spills
  • Climbing Colors
  • Cloud Cover
  • CO2 & Photosynthesis
  • Collecting DNA
  • Colorful Celery
  • Coloring Matter in Food
  • Colors And Temperature
  • Composition of a Shell
  • Computer Passwords
  • Construct a Lung Model
  • Corrosiveness of Soda
  • Create a Heat Detector
  • Create Lightening
  • Cultivate Slime Molds
  • Cup of Lava
  • Dehydrated Potato
  • Desalinate Sea Water
  • Detergents and Plants
  • Dissolving in Liquids
  • Dissolving Solutes
  • Distillation of Water
  • Double Color Flower
  • Egg in a Bottle
  • Enzyme Activity
  • Eroding Away
  • Erosion Simulator
  • Evaportating Liquids
  • Expanding Soap
  • Exploding Ziploc
  • Extracting Starch
  • Fans And Body Temp
  • Fertilizer & Plants
  • Filtration of Water
  • Floating Ball Experiment
  • Floating Balloon
  • Fog Formation
  • Font and Memory
  • Food and Academics
  • Friction And Vibration
  • Fruit Battery Power
  • Full and Low Fat Foods
  • Galileo's Experiment
  • Gas To Liquid
  • Grape Juice & Cleaners
  • Gravity and Plants
  • Green Slime
  • Growing a Crystal
  • Growing Bread Mold
  • Growing Population
  • Haemoglobin Binding
  • Hard vs. Soft Water
  • Homemade Floam
  • Home-made Geodes
  • Home-Made Glue #1
  • Homemade Snowflakes
  • Home-made Stethoscope
  • Homemade Volcano
  • Homemade Windmill
  • Human Battery Power
  • Inertia of an Egg
  • Information and CD’s
  • Invisible Ink
  • Isolation of Bread Mold
  • Isolation of DNA
  • Jar Compass
  • Lemon Floaties
  • Levers And Force
  • Lift an Ice Cube
  • Light Colors and Plants
  • Long Lasting Bubbles
  • Magic Balloons
  • Magnified Light
  • Make a Compost Pile
  • Make a Fuse Model
  • Make a Parallel Circuit
  • Make An Elevator
  • Make Electric Circuits
  • Make Limestone
  • Make Objects Float
  • Make Static Electricity
  • Make your own sundial
  • Matchbox Guitar
  • Math and Gender
  • Mean, Median and Range
  • Measuring Air Pollution
  • Mentos Soda Volcano
  • Microbial Contaminants
  • Milky Plastic
  • Mini Greenhouse
  • Missing Reflection
  • Mixing With Water
  • Molls Experiment
  • Music and Plants
  • Musical Bottles
  • Nocturnal Plants
  • Ocean Life & Oil Spills
  • Ocean Temperature
  • Optical Mice
  • Oral Bacteria
  • Orange Water Volume
  • Organic vs. Inorganic
  • Osmosis
  • Oven Baked Ice Cream
  • Oxygen & Photosynthesis
  • Paper Bridge
  • Paper Marbling
  • Pascal’s Law
  • Play-Doh and Volume
  • Preserve Spider Webs
  • Pressure Volcano
  • Pulse Rates
  • Pythagorean Tuning
  • Refraction in Water
  • Rollercoasters & Loops
  • Rubber Bones
  • Rubber Heat Reaction
  • Rubbery Egg
  • Rust and Moisture
  • Search Engines
  • Secondary Colors
  • Seed Germination
  • Seed Germination II
  • Separate Salt And Pepper
  • Snappy Sounds
  • Soil Erosion
  • Soil vs. Hydroponics
  • Sound Waves
  • Spectrum through Water
  • Speed of Decomposition
  • Speed of Dissolving
  • Spore Prints
  • Star Observer
  • Static Electricity
  • Statistics and M&M’s
  • Stem-less Flowers
  • Super Strength Egg
  • Sweet Erosion
  • Temperature and CPUs
  • Thirsty Rocks
  • Tornado Demonstration
  • Translucent Egg
  • Transpiration in Plants
  • Typing and Speed
  • Vibrating Coin
  • Volcanic Gas
  • Water and Living Things
  • Water Displacement
  • Water Evaporation
  • Water pH
  • Your Planetary Age